In real this is how an IC looks like.. First IC that was ever created .. Introduction of IC Integrated Circuits are usually called ICs or chips.

In real this is how an IC looks like..



First IC that was ever created ..



Introduction of IC
Integrated Circuits are usually called ICs or chips. They are complex circuits which have been etched onto tiny chips of semiconductor (silicon). The chip is packaged in a plastic holder with pins spaced on a 0.1" (2.54mm) grid which will fit the holes on stripboard and breadboards. Very fine wires inside the package link the chip to the pins.


Pin numbers
The pins are numbered anti-clockwise around the IC (chip) starting near the notch or dot. The diagram shows the numbering for 8-pin and 14-pin ICs, but the principle is the same for all sizes.


Common ICs

Below, the most common ICs are shown. (Those parts that I use most.)
For extensive details on each part, see the corresponding data sheet.
The part numbers of the SN74 series ICs are written with a 74, often followed by LS or HC.
LS (Low power Shottky) indicates low power consumption. HC indicates the device is High speed C-MOS (Complementary-Metal Oxide Semiconductor), and is also a low power consumption IC.
The average current consumption for each type of chip is listed below.
The current shown is for when the device is in a LOW state output. In the case of the LOW state output, current consumption is much greater than in the HIGH state output.

SN7400	-----	22mA
SN74LS00	-----	4.4mA
SN74HC00	-----	0.02mA

Several kinds of ICs are not available in the LS or HC type. For example, SN7445 is not available in LS or HC. It is available only as SN7445, the normal type.

Name	Function	Vcc	Pin Assign(Top View)	Remarks
SN74HC00	Quad 2 Input NAND	+5V		2 input NAND circuits entered 4 pieces
SN74HC04	Hex Inverters	+5V		Inverter circuit entered 6 pieces Details
SN74LS42	BCD to DECIMAL Decoder	+5V		One of output takes LOW state serected by the binary input.
SN7445	O.C. BDC to DECIMAL Decoder/Driver	+5V		Open collector type of 7442 Max current of output is 80mA.
SN74LS47	BCD to Segment Decoder/Driver	+5V		Front View Driving IC of ‚Vsegments LED. Open collector type Max resistance voltage:15V 6 and 9 disply type: Related 74247
SN74HC73	Dual JK-FFs With Clear	+5V		2 pieces of JK-FF
SN74LS90	Decade Counter	+5V		Asynchronous 2 + 5 counter. Async preset : 9 Async clear Related 74290 74390
SN74HC93	4-Bit Binary Counter	+5V		Asynchronous 2 + 8 counter.
SN74HC123	Dual Retriggaerable Single Shot	+5V		Single shot resister holds the output in the required time from the input states goes to ON. The output holding time corresponds to C(capacitor) and R(resistor) connected to the Cext(External capacitor) and Rext(External resistor) respectivly.
SN74LS247	BCD to Segment Decoder/Driver	+5V		Front View 6 and 9 disply type: Related 7447
SN74LS290	Decade Counter	+5V		This type is the same as the SN7490, with a different layout of pins. Related 7490 74390
SN74HC390	Dual Decade Counters	+5V		Type that inserted 2 SN7490. Presetting 9 is omitted . Related 7490 74290
4040B	12Bit Binary Counter (CMOS)	+5V		12-stage Binary counter. It has a clear function. Counts downward with an external clock pulse.
4541B	Progarammable Oscillator/Timer (CMOS)	+5V		Programmable 16 stage binary counter. Used in RC oscillation circuits, power reset, output control circuits. Tap outputs of 8, 10, 13, 16 bits are possible by the control terminal.
NE555	Timer	+4.5 to +16V		Max frequency: 500kHz Temperature drift: 0.005%/°C. Max output current: 200mA. Delay time setting :several micro sec to several hours
LM386N-1	Low frequency electric power amplifier	+4 to 12V		Max output: 660mW Load: 8 to 32-ohm Waiting current: 4mA
LM386N-4	Low frequency electric power amplifier	+5 to 18V		Max output: 1.25W Load: 8 to 32-ohm Waiting current: 4mA
TA7368P	Low frequency electric power amplifier	+2 to +10V		Max output: 1.1W Load: 4 to 16-ohm
uPC319	Voltage comparator	5 to 18V ±5 to ±18V		Standard general use comparator with single power supply/dual power supply operation Other compatible ICs LM319 NJM319 AN1319
7975	Multi-melody IC (CMOS)	+1.5 to +3V		Melody IC that includes 8 pre-programmed melodies. It has 2 sound resources and a settable envelope. Title Green-Sleeves Fur Elise Heavenly Creatures Ich bin ein musikante Valse Favorite Holderia Amaryllis Home On The Range

Three Terminal Voltage Regulator

It is very easy to get stabilized voltage for ICs by using a three terminal voltage regulator.
The power supply voltage for a car is +12V - +14V. At this voltage, some ICs can not operate directly except for the car component ICs. In this case, a three terminal voltage regulator is necessary to get the required voltage.
The three terminal voltage regulator outputs stabilized voltage at a lower level than the higher input voltage. A voltage regulator cannot put out higher voltage than the input voltage. They are similar in appearance to a transistor.

On the left in the photograph is a 78L05. The size and form is similar to a 2SC1815 transistor.
The output voltage is +5V, and the maximum output current is about 100mA.
The maximum input voltage is +35V. (Differs by manufacturer.)

On the right is a 7805. The output voltage is +5V, and maximum output current is 500mA to 1A. (It depends on the heat sink used)
The maximum input voltage is also +35V.

There are many types with different output voltages.
5V, 6V, 7V, 8V, 9V, 10V, 12V, 15V, 18V



Component Lead of Three Terminal Voltage Regulator

Because the component leads differ between kinds of regulators,
you need to confirm the leads with a datasheet, etc.

Example of 78L05
Part number is printed on the flat face of the regulator, and indicates the front.

Right side : Input
Center : Ground
Left side : Output

Example of 7805
Part number is printed on the flat face of the regulator, and indicates the front.

Right side : Output
Center : Ground
Left side : Input

Opposite from 78L05.